Gastritis is the name given to inflammatory processes in the stomach lining, which inevitably lead to digestive problems. A person begins to digest food poorly, as a result of which his health deteriorates, and weakness and lethargy appear. According to statistics, approximately half of all inhabitants of our country experience painful symptoms of gastritis to one degree or another.
Diet for gastritis
Many people wonder: what diet should you follow for gastritis? This is a very important question, since proper nutrition is an important part of the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. If you have gastritis, you should always follow a gentle diet, and if your health improves, you can only gradually return to normal eating habits. In some cases, doctors prescribe a personal diet for gastritis.
It is also necessary to remember that with gastritis, enzyme deficiency develops, so in some cases it is worth using enzyme preparations such as Micrazim along with a diet to improve digestion.
There are two types of gastritis: acute and chronic. In different people, these forms can be accompanied by both high and low degrees of stomach acid. Acute gastritis is of the following types:
- fibrinous (worsening with the appearance of infectious diseases);
- catarrhal (accompanied by a violation of the integrity of the outer mucous membrane of the stomach);
- phlegmonous (causes purulent inflammatory processes on the stomach walls);
- corrosive (one of the side effects of poisoning).
Chronic illness, on the other hand, comes in the following forms:
- shallow;
- hypertrophic;
- polyposis;
- bacterial;
- granulomatous;
- autoimmune.
Another form of chronic gastritis is typical for those people whose stomach walls are damaged due to systematic consumption of alcohol in large quantities.
Key principles of diet for gastritis disorders
Remember that a proper diet for gastritis is the key to successfully overcoming symptoms. If the acidity of your gastric juice increases, you need to eat foods that help reduce its activity. Follow three rules:
- Mechanical principle. Avoid foods that contain crude fiber. Such products include onion crops, grain meat and bran. In addition, dishes cooked in oil are strictly prohibited.
- Chemical principle. Avoid foods that can increase gastric secretions. This list includes alcohol, sparkling water, citrus fruits (including juice from them), coffee, black bread, cabbage and rich meat broth.
- Thermal principle. Do not eat foods that have very high or very low temperatures. They irritate the esophagus, and cold food, among other things, lingers longer than usual in the stomach.
What food can you eat if you have gastritis?
Include lean meats (such as rabbit) in your diet. Duck, lamb and goose are not allowed, but chicken may only be eaten without the skin.
Other acceptable foods and dishes include:
- Grated fish;
- fish and shellfish;
- egg white omelet;
- oatmeal and buckwheat porridge;
- milk;
- zucchini, pumpkin, tomatoes, carrots, various greens;
- berries with high sugar content;
- cooked and pureed fruits.
What should be missing from the diet?
If you have been diagnosed with gastritis caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, then it is not advisable to prescribe a diet for yourself. Be sure to consult a gastroenterologist or nutritionist so that gastritis treatment is consistent and effective.
With this disease, the menu should not include:
- Fresh baked goods, especially rye bread, as well as sno bread. Instead, it is better to eat white bread, plain cookies and pies.
- Soups with rich broth, including mushroom soup, cabbage soup and borscht. Such dishes should be replaced with light vegetable soups with potatoes, cabbage, carrots and onions.
- Smoked dishes, as well as meat with fat and veins. Instead, it is better to eat dishes made from boiled or steamed meat (cutlets, meatballs). Allowed types of meat are chicken and lamb.
- Hard-boiled eggs and fried omelettes. They should be replaced with soft-boiled eggs and steamed omelettes.
- Any salty and spicy dishes, marinades, chocolate, carbonated drinks, coffee and kvass.
- Alcohol.
Diet for high acidity
With this type of gastritis, you should not over-consume fruits and vegetables, as they can worsen your health. However, you should not completely remove these products from the menu. Avoid foods that can stimulate stomach acid production and choose acid-reducing foods. By eating right, you are more likely to lose weight than gain weight. Below is a table showing permitted and prohibited products:
| Vegetables: carrots, pumpkins, potatoes, beets. Light vegetable salads. Tomatoes: ripe, chopped. Cucumbers without skin. | Green. |
| Fruits: non-acidic, ripe, without skin (banana, pear, apple). It is best to eat fruit not raw, but baked. Watermelons and melons - in very limited quantities. | Fried potatoes, pickled foods, sauerkraut. |
| Milk (from a cow or goat), cream, yogurt. Fresh cottage cheese. | Creme fraiche, kefir, hard cheese. |
| Soup with dietary broth. | Cabbage soup and borscht in a rich broth. |
| Pasta | legumes |
| Boiled chicken or rabbit meat, lean river fish. | Smoked meat, fish and meat with a high fat content, canned food. |
| Oatmeal and buckwheat | Dried fruits |
| Soft boiled eggs. | Chocolate |
| Crackers, white bread (which has been standing for a few days), dry crackers. | Hard-boiled eggs, fried omelette. |
| Weak tea and coffee, cocoa with added milk. | Rye and freshly baked bread. Cakes, confectionery products with cream filling. |
Low acidity diet
In such conditions, you need to eat differently than in the previous case. You must eat foods that promote gastric secretion. The table below shows dishes that are suitable for remission. If you have severe pain in the stomach, exclude dishes from the menu that irritate the stomach tissue.
Vegetables: baked potatoes, tomatoes, greens, carrots, beets, pumpkin, pickles.
Diet for gastritis - general recommendations
Patients with gastritis should exclude spices used in the cooking process from the menu. You can improve the taste of food with fresh herbs (parsley, dill, celery). Greens will also help add vitamins to your diet: try seasoning as many dishes as you eat with finely chopped greens.
You should eat small meals, but avoid snacks; in this way, the stomach will not have difficulty digesting the food. Chew your food thoroughly and eat slowly. Food eaten quickly can worsen your health and worsen gastritis. Chew your food until it turns into an easily digestible paste.
Do not forget that proper and balanced nutrition is the key to treating gastritis. Many patients who followed a strict diet during treatment say that it helped them overcome all symptoms and pain associated with this disease within 4 weeks.
Important: before use, read the instructions or consult your doctor.
What to eat for gastritis in the stomach?
Characteristics of gastritis
Gastritis is a chronic inflammation of the stomach lining that leads to pain, loss of appetite and other symptoms. Of all the pathologies of the digestive tract, most patients suffer from this disease.
Many people underestimate the importance of timely diagnosis of gastritis and consider it a minor deviation that does not require treatment. They believe that the disease will not cause any harm and will gradually disappear on its own without treatment. However, if treatment methods and diet are not used in a timely manner, the pathology can gradually develop into peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum and malignant transformation.
Etiological factors
Many studies have been conducted, statistics have been collected, according to which the basis for the development of inflammatory pathologies in the stomach is Helicobacter pylori. This is a bacteria that attacks the walls of the stomach and duodenum. Most people are only carriers of the bacterium, but under the influence of negative factors it begins to multiply actively, causing pathology. It is Helicobacter pylori that over time can lead to the development of atypical cells in the mucosa, which will cause malignant degeneration.
- Eating poor quality food. It includes fatty, fried, spicy, smoked and overly salty foods. This type of food aggressively affects the walls of the stomach, causing an inflammatory process. Due to the damage, Helicobacter pylori begins to actively multiply.
- Kureniae. Nicotine and smog during smoking spreads to the respiratory tract and digestive system. It affects the mucous membranes negatively, causing irritation and increased inflammation.
- Drinks large amounts of alcohol. This has a toxic effect on every tissue in the body, including the gastrointestinal tract. It leads to the occurrence or intensification of inflammation.
- Stress. Great physical and psycho-emotional stress. These factors cause active production of cortisol. This leads to increased release of hydrochloric acid. If it acts on the walls of the stomach in the absence of a bolus of food, damage occurs.
If the patient is affected by several factors at the same time, the disease develops more quickly.
Clinical signs
In the early stages, the patient and the doctor may not notice visual signs. The more damage occurs, the more actively the inflammatory process develops.
- pain in the epigastric region, aggravated by stress, eating, hunger;
- nausea, vomiting that occurs regardless of food intake;
- constipation, diarrhea.
There are signs that can be used to determine whether a patient has gastroenterological pathology.
- frequent occurrence of epigastric pain;
- point pain in the center of the abdomen;
- heartburn;
- frequent belching;
- constipation, diarrhea;
- occasional nausea;
- vomiting for no reason;
- the presence of any gastroenterological diseases in close relatives;
- presence of bad habits (smoking, frequent consumption of alcohol, overeating);
- periodic use of a strict diet.
It is impossible to independently determine the diagnosis, since symptoms may be present in temporary disorders or other acute, chronic diseases. It is important to undergo examination and diagnosis by a doctor who will prescribe conservative or radical treatment, depending on the developing lesion.
Broom
- gastroenterologist;
- nutritionist.
It is better if these doctors work together to provide quality care.
- degree of damage to the mucosa;
- the degree of spread of the lesion to different parts of the gastrointestinal tract;
- the reasons for the defeat.
After collecting complete information, a nutrition plan is drawn up. This is one of the basic treatment methods that reduces the strain on the gastrointestinal tract.
- with high acidity;
- with low acidity.
Whatever type of diet is chosen, the gastroenterologist should remind you of the basic principles of proper diet during illness.
- Break up. The total amount of products that the patient must consume in 1 day is determined. It is divided into 6 parts, which distribute the meals evenly over the day. This means that the patient must eat food every 3 hours. You should not overeat or starve, as these factors negatively affect the state of the stomach. A portion of food is approximately the volume of two palms.
- Chew. The food that is ingested begins to be digested in the oral cavity under the influence of saliva, which contains enzymes. Therefore, it is important to chew each piece for a long time.
- Rest after eating. You need to sit and lie down for 30 minutes so that the digestion process begins without obstacles.
- Temperature. If an inflammatory process is suspected, eat hot food. It must not be too hot or cold.
- Water condition. Drink at least 2 liters of water a day to maintain a stable water-electrolyte balance and prevent dehydration from developing. Drink water little by little throughout the day.
- Mandatory protein intake. Proteins are the foundation from which the body is built. Thanks to them, damaged tissues are restored faster after gastritis.
- Prohibition against eating overly coarse food. It should not contain pieces that can damage the affected structure of the mucous membrane.
- Proper cooking. It is boiled, steamed, baked. It is forbidden to fry or smoke.
- Prohibition on the consumption of alcohol, caffeine, energy drinks, soft drinks.
- Maintenance of vitamin concentrations. If they are normal, the metabolism improves and the metabolism, the nervous system and the digestive tract are strengthened. If there are not enough nutrients, multivitamin preparations are used.
Application of these rules reduces the load on the stomach during treatment.
Fruits with high acid
Gastritis, accompanied by normal or high acidity, requires special nutrition. It is necessary to monitor the temperature of the food: it is not recommended to eat food with a temperature above 40-50 ⁰C. Fruits can be consumed pureed, steamed, boiled, baked or stewed, or in puree, mousse, jelly, jelly or compote. It is not recommended to consume fruits with a high content of organic acids (pomegranates, citrus fruits, fresh apricots), unripe or acidic fruits. During an exacerbation, all fruits should be used only in pureed form. The rest of the time it is better to use:
- sweet varieties of apples;
- avocado.
Fruits with low acid
For the opposite type of gastritis, when acidity is reduced, doctors recommend other fruits:
- citrus fruits - prevent the formation of malignant cells, keep acidity normal;
- pomegranate and its juice help restore the stomach lining;
- peaches - promote the production of gastric juice, but they can only be eaten by patients who are not allergic to the fruit.
Attention! For any gastrointestinal pathology, it is important not to overload the stomach and follow the diet prescribed by the doctor.
Diet for gastritis with high acidity
- excessive production of hydrochloric acid;
- increase in the acidity of hydrochloric acid.
Normally, hydrochloric acid is intended to break down the contents of the stomach. But it must be within certain limits so as not to damage the body's own tissue.
- inflammation;
- erosion;
- ulcer;
- perforation.
Gastritis can develop at different ages. A prolonged exposure to a harmful factor is sufficient to develop an inflammatory process. If the acidity of gastric juice increases, you must follow a certain diet that reduces these indicators.
Attention! Many patients know that taking antacids lowers the acidity of gastric juice. However, it is forbidden to take these substances on your own. They have contraindications and side effects.
When using a diet, it is important to follow certain rules in order for success to happen.
- Avoid foods that cause or worsen damage to the stomach walls. This is a food that contains fiber and solid elements. For example, cereals, buns, bran, stringy meat. All food should be as gentle as possible and easily digestible.
- Rejection of foods and drinks that cause an increase in the acidity of hydrochloric acid. For example, citrus fruits, canned food, coffee, alcohol, soft drinks.
- Eat food at a warm temperature. Do not ingest boiling water, hot liquids or food. Cold food is also unacceptable. The optimal limits are 25-35 degrees.
If a patient's gastritis has seriously worsened and is causing unbearable pain, it is necessary to immediately begin a strict diet. This will help significantly to reduce the inflammatory process and allow the tissues to recover. Already on the 3rd day, a person will feel relief. But this is possible only with the help of additional use of medicine prescribed by a doctor.
- low-fat chicken or vegetable broth with crackers, which can be replaced with soft porridge (for example, oatmeal);
- pasta soup with milk (hard pasta is allowed);
- boiled young potatoes without cream, salt;
- milk with a reduced fat content, so as not to cause an increased burden on the gastrointestinal tract due to the presence of a high concentration of lactose.
If there is severe exacerbation and acute pain, each product is added gradually in small portions. This will allow the digestive tract to get used to it and will not cause negative reactions. But if food causes nausea or increased pain, it is better to replace it with other types of food.
As soon as the acute period has passed, the diet is continued.
- boiled, baked eggs, they contain a high concentration of protein (the yolk can be removed to limit the amount of fat);
- lean meat of chicken, rabbit, beef, which can be baked, boiled, steamed (remove the skin before cooking);
- fish and shellfish, which contain a large amount of omega-3, which has a beneficial effect on the digestive tract and nervous system;
- milk to be boiled first;
- soups with added grains (all grains are allowed except semolina);
- vegetables sold in the store after the season;
- fruits, which are recommended to be consumed between main meals, so as not to cause stress on the gastrointestinal tract, but not to leave the stomach empty;
- quality sausages;
- olive, sunflower oil;
- dumplings and similar products prepared at home from natural minced meat and a thin layer of dough;
- offal, of which the liver has the most positive effect, as it contains a large amount of microelements and vitamins;
- soft cheeses;
- honey, weak tea, herbal decoction, dried fruit compote.
- pastries, muffins, fresh cakes;
- candy, chocolate;
- dairy products.
All of these foods increase stomach acid. Carbohydrates adversely affect any part of the digestive tract, causing strong acidity. This is a favorable environment for the spread of Helicobacter pylori. In addition, chewing gum is avoided, as hydrochloric acid is actively produced during use. If there is too much of it, acid gastritis will intensify. This can lead to the formation of erosions and ulcers.
Diet for gastritis with low acidity
With this type of inflammatory process in the stomach, the concentration and acidity of hydrochloric acid is reduced. Therefore, food is poorly digested, large pieces of food enter the intestines, which leads to a large load on it. This negatively affects the condition of the entire digestive tract. Typically, people aged 40 years and above suffer from such gastritis.
- atrophic condition of the gastric mucosa;
- tissue thinning;
- reduced parietal cell function.
Gastritis with low acidity is one of the most dangerous diseases that are difficult to treat. Therefore, it is important to start treatment at an early stage, before a precancerous condition occurs.
To correct the pathology, you must consume foods that will stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. You also need to increase its acidity so that the food bolus is processed.
Attention! It is necessary to increase the degree of acidity at the same time and not burden the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, it is forbidden to use fatty, spicy, fried, smoked food, fast food and alcohol, regardless of the fact that they increase the degree of acidity.
- before eating, drink 200 ml of lightly carbonated mineral water;
- chew the food thoroughly, gradually eat each piece; the whole meal takes at least 30 minutes;
- Between meals, it is recommended to eat fruits that increase acidity; you can overbake them so as not to cause stress.
- lean types of meat - chicken, turkey, rabbit, young veal;
- all types of fruits and vegetables that do not have a coarse fiber structure (citrus fruits, white cabbage and cauliflower are recommended);
- vegetable and meat broth;
- a small concentration of carbohydrates in the form of sweets and baked goods;
- all types of fermented milk products;
- preserves;
- herbal decoction, tea, berry and fruit compote.
Since milk in any form reduces the acidity of gastric juice, it is forbidden to consume it when preparing a diet.
Gastritis is one of the most common digestive problems among the population. The disease can affect patients of all ages. It can be prevented if you use the prevention rules. However, if the pathology has already developed, it is important to undergo a timely diagnosis and begin treatment to prevent complications from developing. The therapy is based on a correct, high-quality diet, improving lifestyle and avoiding bad habits. The diet is selected individually for each patient, depending on the degree of damage and the acidity of gastric juice.